线性APD焦平面多模式读出电路设计

Design of Multi-Mode Readout Integrated Circuit for Linear Avalanche Photodiode Focal Plane

  • 摘要: 线性雪崩光电二极管(Avalanche photodiode,APD)焦平面红外探测器有着广泛应用场景,APD探测器耦合具有多种模式的读出电路可在有限像元面积内实现多模式探测,提升探测系统集成度。本文设计了一种具有红外热成像模式、门控3D成像模式、激光测距模式和异步激光脉冲探测模式的APD读出电路,四种模式复用输入级电路。通过Krummenacher结构抑制背景辐射影响,扩展了光子飞行时间探测范围;提出一种改进型时刻鉴别电路,通过减小时刻鉴别误差提升距离测量精度。读出电路采用0.18 μm 3.3 V CMOS工艺设计,阵列规模128×128、像元中心距30 μm,最大电荷容量3.74 Me。仿真结果表明,激光测距模式,在积分电容13 fF、背景电流1~150 nA条件下,背景电流响应幅值≤1.35 mV,远小于激光响应电流500 nA时280 mV的响应幅值;异步激光脉冲探测模式的幅值灵敏度约110 nA、脉宽灵敏度约4 ns;改进型时刻鉴别电路对于150~500 nA的激光脉冲响应,时刻鉴别误差约4 ns。本文设计的多模式复用APD读出电路具有一定工程应用价值。

     

    Abstract: Linear avalanche photodiode (APD) focal-plane infrared detectors have a wide range of applications. Coupling APD detectors with multiple-mode readout integrated circuits can achieve multimode detection within a limited pixel area, thereby enhancing the integration of the detection system. In this study, we designed an APD readout integrated circuit with four modes: infrared thermal imaging, gated 3D imaging, laser ranging, and asynchronous laser pulse detection. The input-stage circuits of the four modes were multiplexed. A Krummenacher structure was used to suppress the influence of background radiation, thereby expanding the detection range of photon flight time. An improved time-discrimination circuit was proposed to enhance distance measurement accuracy by reducing the time-discrimination error. The readout integrated circuit was designed using a 0.18 μm, 3.3 V complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), with an array size of 128×128, a pixel center distance of 30 μm, and a maximum charge capacity of 3.74 Me. Simulation results show that in the laser ranging mode, at an integration capacitance of 13 fF and a background current of 1-150 nA, the background current response amplitude was ≤1.35 mV, which is much smaller than the response amplitude of 280 mV when the laser response current is 500 nA. The amplitude sensitivity of the asynchronous laser pulse detection mode was approximately 110 nA, and the pulse width sensitivity was approximately 4 ns. For laser pulses with a response of 150-500 nA, the time discrimination error of the improved time discrimination circuit was approximately 4 ns. The multimode multiplexed APD readout integrated circuit designed in this study has certain engineering application value.

     

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